Upgrading from Windows 10 to 11

The transition from Windows 10 to Windows 11

Is a relatively simple step for most people, and it is also free, provided you already have a legal copy of Windows 10. Microsoft allows a free upgrade to all users whose computers meet the new system's technical requirements. If you have an activated Windows 10 Home or Pro edition, you will receive the same edition in Windows 11 without needing to purchase a new license.

Before you start the upgrade

It is good practice to verify that your computer meets the minimum requirements. Windows 11 requires a modern 64-bit processor, TPM 2.0 support, and the Secure Boot feature. Most newer computers meet these conditions, but older machines may have issues. If your computer does not meet the requirements, the system will not offer you the upgrade, and you will not be able to transition for free.

The process itself is very similar to a standard update.

Simply open the settings menu in the system and navigate to the Windows Update section. If your computer is compatible, the option to download and install Windows 11 should appear there. The installation will proceed automatically, and your files and programs will remain intact. Nevertheless, it is recommended that you back up important documents, photos, and other data before the upgrade to ensure you lose nothing.

Your license does not change during the transition.

If your Windows 10 was activated, Windows 11 will activate automatically after installation. This also applies if you perform a clean installation in the future. You can use your existing digital key or product key from Windows 10 for activation, so there is no need to purchase a new one.

Overall, the transition from Windows 10 to Windows 11 is free, simple, and mostly trouble-free. If your computer meets the requirements, you can start anytime directly from your system settings.

How to Check for TPM 2.0 on Your PC for Windows 11 Installation

Before you begin the upgrade to Windows 11, it is wise to check if your computer meets the minimum requirements. One of these is support for TPM 2.0 technology. The following clear, step-by-step guide will show you how to easily find this information.

1. Verify TPM Using the tpm.msc Tool

This is the fastest and most reliable way to check if your computer has an available TPM and what version it is.

• Press the Windows + R keyboard shortcut.
• In the "Run" window, type tpm.msc and press Enter.
• The "Trusted Platform Module (TPM) Management" window will open.
• At the top, you will find the Specification Version information.
• If it says 2.0, your computer meets the requirement.
• If it says 1.2 or you receive a message that TPM is not available, it may be disabled or your device does not support it.

2. Check TPM in Windows Settings

Another option is to view the information directly in the operating system's settings.

• Open Windows Settings.
• Choose the Update & Security option.
• Click on the Device security section.
• Select the Security processor item.
• Here, the TPM version and its status will be displayed.
• If this section does not appear, it means that Windows does not detect your TPM or it is not active.

3. Check in BIOS / UEFI

Some computers have TPM disabled, and it needs to be activated in the BIOS or UEFI.

After entering the BIOS, look for the following items:

• For Intel processors: the setting is usually labeled PTT (Platform Trust Technology).
• For AMD processors: look for AMD fTPM.

After activating it, save the changes and restart your computer. You can then re-verify if Windows detects the TPM.

4. Verify Compatibility Using the Official Microsoft Tool

Microsoft offers the PC Health Check tool, which can check all the requirements needed for installing Windows 11. If you run it, it will immediately tell you whether your computer supports TPM 2.0 and other necessary technologies.

What If Your PC Only Supports Windows 10?

If you have a computer that only supports Windows 10, it is important to be aware that official support has ended. Windows 10 stopped receiving security updates on October 14, 2025. Using this system now is risky because new threats and vulnerabilities are no longer patched.

Nevertheless, there are several options for moving forward:

One option is to utilize the paid Extended Security Updates (ESU) program.

This program is available even for regular home users and allows you to receive additional security updates after standard support has ended. If you do not want to invest in a new computer but need to stay with Windows, this is a safer alternative. Details on the program are available on the Microsoft support page.

Another option is to continue using Windows 10 without support. This path is not recommended, as the system will become progressively less secure over time. An unprotected system is vulnerable to viruses, ransomware, and other attacks, which can compromise your data and privacy.

Installing Windows 11 "unofficially" is also possible, but very risky.

Microsoft does not support such installations, and the system might stop receiving updates or cease to function after a major feature update. This solution is better suited for experimentation rather than everyday use.

A very good and secure alternative is transitioning to a modern Linux distribution. Linux is free, has low hardware requirements, and provides long-term security updates. For general use—internet browsing, office documents, movies, or e-mail—it is perfectly sufficient and often runs more smoothly than Windows on older hardware.

The final option is to purchase a newer computer that meets the Windows 11 requirements. If you need a reliable system with long support and plan for long-term use, this is the most worthwhile investment.

AI Real-Time Object Detection in Ubuntu Using YOLOv8

AI USB Camera:Install Required Packages in Ubuntu

• Setting up your AI USB camera in the Ubuntu environment.
• Integrating and utilizing the modern YOLOv8 model for real-time object detection.
• Creating your very own Python script that connects everything together.

Object Detection Using USB Camera in Ubuntu – YOLOv8 Recognizes Objects in Real Time

1. Installing the required packages

First, it is necessary to install the required libraries on your system. Open the terminal and enter the following commands:

sudo apt update
sudo apt install python3-pip
pip install ultralytics opencv-python

Update

Install python3

Install ultralytics opencv

If the installation fails, you can try to force the installation with a potential risk of affecting system packages (use with caution):

pip install ultralytics opencv-python --break-system-packages

Install ultralytics opencv --break-system-packages !

Then update the pip package manager:

pip install --upgrade pip

or

pip install --upgrade pip --break-system-packages

Install upgrade pip

or

Install Upgrade pip-break-system !

This will install the YOLOv8 (ultralytics) library and OpenCV library for working with images and video.

2. Verify the YOLO installation

To make sure YOLOv8 is installed correctly, run this command in the terminal:

yolo

If you see help with available YOLO commands, the installation was successful ✅

3. Downloading a pretrained model and first detection

YOLOv8 offers several versions of models – from lightweight to the most accurate ones. For the beginning, we recommend the yolov8n.pt (nano) model, which is very fast:

yolo detect predict model=yolov8n.pt source='0'

Yolo detect predict model Volov8n

This command will:

• download the yolov8n.pt model
• turn on your default camera
• display detected objects in real time 📸

Note: If you have multiple cameras, try source='1' or a higher number.

4. Creating your own Python script

For advanced usage, you can create your own Python script. Below is an example:

This script loads the model, starts the camera and in an infinite loop performs detection on each frame. The results are displayed in a separate window. Press q to exit the program.

The YOLOv8 model can recognize a wide range of objects – people, dogs, horses, cars, birds, skateboards and many others. The accuracy is significantly higher than older models such as MobileNet SSD.

Optional: switch to larger models

If you have more powerful hardware, you can use more accurate models:

• yolov8s.pt – small
• yolov8m.pt – medium
• yolov8l.pt – large
• yolov8x.pt – extra large (most accurate but slowest)

In the Python script, simply change:

model = YOLO("yolov8s.pt")

Frequently Asked Questions and Troubleshooting

⚠️ Warning “Could not initialize NNPACK!”

This is not an error. You just don’t have CPU optimizations for NNPACK → YOLO continues to work, only slightly slower.

Black screen after starting the camera

Possible reasons:

1️⃣ Camera is being used by another program
Close applications using the camera.

Check processes:

sudo fuser -v /dev/video0

2️⃣ Verify camera functionality using this script:

test-1

from ultralytics import YOLO
import cv2

model = YOLO("yolov8n.pt")
cap = cv2.VideoCapture(0)

if not cap.isOpened():
    print("❌ Camera failed to open")
    exit()

while True:
    ret, frame = cap.read()
    if not ret:
        print("❌ Camera returns no frame")
        break

    results = model.predict(source=frame, conf=0.5, verbose=False)
    annotated_frame = results[0].plot()

    cv2.imshow("YOLO Camera", annotated_frame)
    if cv2.waitKey(1) & 0xFF == ord('q'):
        break

cap.release()
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

More tips for black screen:

• change 0 → 1 in VideoCapture()
• set resolution:

cap.set(cv2.CAP_PROP_FRAME_WIDTH, 640)
cap.set(cv2.CAP_PROP_FRAME_HEIGHT, 480)

• add a small delay:

cv2.waitKey(10)

Older laptops ↴

If the hardware is weak, switch YOLO to CPU:

model.to('cpu')

Tips for speeding up:

• smaller frames (e.g. imgsz=320)
• CPU only (default)
• acceleration via TFLite / ONNX

Your final test file ✅

Designed for weak PCs with integrated GPU, e.g. 2nd generation i3. Should also work on Raspberry Pi 4.

# yolo_stream_light.py
from ultralytics import YOLO
import cv2
import time

model = YOLO("yolov8n.pt")
model.to("cpu")

cap = cv2.VideoCapture(0)
cap.set(cv2.CAP_PROP_FRAME_WIDTH, 640)
cap.set(cv2.CAP_PROP_FRAME_HEIGHT, 416)  # 416 often faster
# cap.set(cv2.CAP_PROP_FRAME_WIDTH, 960)
# cap.set(cv2.CAP_PROP_FRAME_HEIGHT, 720)

if not cap.isOpened():
    print("Camera cannot be opened")
    exit()

print("Starting stream. Press q to exit.")
while True:
    ret, frame = cap.read()
    if not ret:
        print("Cannot load frame")
        break

    results_gen = model.predict(source=frame, conf=0.35, imgsz=416,
                               verbose=False, stream=True)

    try:
        res = next(results_gen)
    except StopIteration:
        res = None

    if res is not None:
        annotated = res.plot()
    else:
        annotated = frame

    cv2.imshow("YOLO light stream", annotated)
    if cv2.waitKey(1) & 0xFF == ord('q'):
        break

cap.release()
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

Save the file with the .py extension and with no spaces in the name:
✅ yolo_stream_light.py

or Download

Open the terminal in the folder with your created program yolo_stream_light.py. Run the program in the terminal using the command: python3 yolo_stream_light.py

AI USB Camera: Real-Time Object Detection in Ubuntu Using YOLOv8

Ubuntu news - What’s Cooking in Ubuntu? Fresh Linux News

Ubuntu

Latest Ubuntu News and Version Releases

Innovations and Key Changes in the Ubuntu World

The developers at Canonical aren't just focused on aesthetics. Great emphasis is placed on packaging technologies, security, and cloud deployment.

• The Future of Snap Packages: Snapcraft is a priority for Canonical. All the latest news about Ubuntu confirms that the Snap format is a core part of the strategy for ensuring secure and up-to-date applications across the entire distribution.

Stay Informed: Your Daily Dose of Ubuntu News

How to choose a Linux distribution?

How to Create a Linux Mint Bootable USB Installer

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Tailscale Exit Node is a simple way to run your own VPN

— without complex router setup or a public IP address. It uses WireGuard encryption and lets you browse securely from anywhere as if you were at home — or even from another country.

What you’ll need and how it works

You don’t need expensive hardware or deep networking knowledge to run a Tailscale Exit Node. You only need:

• Laptop, desktop PC, mini‑PC, or an older computer — even an older machine you no longer use day‑to‑day will do.
• Debian 13 (trixie) installed on that machine (it can run headless without a monitor).
• Internet connection — either via Ethernet port or a Wi‑Fi adapter.
  • If you only want the device to provide internet egress, a single network adapter (Wi‑Fi or Ethernet) is enough.
  • If you want the machine to receive internet from one network and forward it to another, you’ll need two network adapters (e.g., Ethernet + Wi‑Fi).

• Tailscale account — free at tailscale.com (you can sign in with Google, Microsoft, GitHub, etc.).

How it works:

1. The Debian machine running Tailscale becomes an Exit Node — a gateway to the internet.
2. When another device (laptop, phone) connects to it through Tailscale and selects it as the Exit Node, all your traffic flows through that machine.
3. On public Wi‑Fi (e.g., a hotel), you will appear to be connecting from the Exit Node’s location (e.g., your home or a VPS in another country).
4. Tailscale connections are encrypted with WireGuard, so even the hotel’s network operator can’t see your traffic contents.

sudo mkdir -p --mode=0755 /usr/share/keyrings
curl -fsSL https://pkgs.tailscale.com/stable/debian/trixie.noarmor.gpg | sudo tee /usr/share/keyrings/tailscale-archive-keyring.gpg >/dev/null
curl -fsSL https://pkgs.tailscale.com/stable/debian/trixie.tailscale-keyring.list | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/tailscale.list >/dev/null
sudo apt update
sudo apt install tailscale

curl -fsSL https://tailscale.com/install.sh | sh

sudo systemctl enable --now tailscaled

# Check status
systemctl status tailscaled --no-pager

# Opens a sign‑in URL. Open it in the browser and approve the device.
sudo tailscale up

echo 'net.ipv4.ip_forward=1' | sudo tee /etc/sysctl.d/99-tailscale-exit.conf
echo 'net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding=1' | sudo tee -a /etc/sysctl.d/99-tailscale-exit.conf
sudo sysctl --system

# Offer this machine as an Exit Node
sudo tailscale up --advertise-exit-node

# On the client, install tailscale (per your distro) and start the service.
# Sign in:
sudo tailscale up

# Select the exit node (machine name or its Tailscale IP, e.g. 100.x.y.z)
sudo tailscale up --exit-node=<name-or-ip> --exit-node-allow-lan-access=true

# Quick test in a terminal
curl https://ifconfig.io